Knowledgebase

Abbreviations used in this Knowledgbase and elsewhere

AbbreviationLong versionExplanation
BinHexBinary to HexadecimalA method of encoding/decoding binary files so that they can be "attatched" to an e-mail message. Other methods of doing this are MIME and uuencode/uudecode. MIME is becoming the most popular way of doing this.
CGICommon Gateway InterfaceA way of transferring information over the web between the user and a server side application or script.
CHAPChallenge Handshake Authentication ProtocolA protocol used for sending Username and Password information to the ISP.
COM (port)Communications PortThe serial port which connects the modem to the computer.
DHCPDynamic Host Configuation ProtocolThe system by which a computer attempting to log on is assigned an IP address dynamically, rather than always using the same IP address. This allows an ISP to have a smaller pool of IP addresses by assuming that all its users will never log on at the same time.
DNSDomain Name ServerThe server which converts names such as www.isp.com to IP addresses such as 123.213.123.214
DSPDigital Signal ProcessorThe chip on a modem which controls Compression, Flow Control, Error Control and other functions. More reliable than software based modems such as WinModems, HSP, HCF, or RPi modems.
DUNDial Up NetworkingThe software supplied with Windows 95/98 used to connect two computers using a modem and a phone line.
FTPFile Transfer ProtocolThe standard used for uploading and downloading files from a remote site.
GPFGeneral Protection FaultA Windows error often caused by buggy/corrupt/poorly written software or due to program conflicts.
HSPHost Signal ProcessorA system by which the DSP of a modem is simulated using software running through the operating system. Often identified by the words "WinModem", HCF, "LT Winmodem" or RPI. Not as reliable as hardware based modems incorporating a DSP due to the likelihood of corruption of the software simulating the DSP and/or the dependance on the performance of the system. Used as a cheap alternative to a real, hardware based modem.
HTMLHyper Text Markup LanguageThe language that web pages are written in
HTTPHyper Text Transfer ProtocolThe protocol used to transfer web pages over the internet.
HTTPSHyper Text Transfer Protocol, SecureA secure version of the HTTP protocol. Usually uses SSL to encrypt the connection.
IEInternet ExplorerMicrosoft Corporation's Web browser. The current version is 5 (IE5)
IRCInternet Relay ChatA tool which allows real time chat over the internet
K56Flex
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Modem standard created by Rockwell which theoretically allows connections of up to 56Kbps. Since superseded by V.90. Not compatible with X2.
MIMEMultipurpose Internet Mail ExtensionsA method of encoding/decoding Binary files into Hexadecimal so that they can be "attatched" to an e-mail message. Other methods of doing this are BinHex and uuencode/uudecode. MIME is becoming the most popular way of doing this.
NNTPNetwork News Transfer ProtocolThe protocol used for accessing News servers.
OEOutlook ExpressMicrosoft Corporation's E-mail program supplied with IE4 and 5. The mail program supplied with IE3 was simply called "Internet Mail"
PAPPassword Authentication ProtocolThe protocol used for sending Username and Password information to the ISP.
POP3Post Office Protocol v.3A protocol used for receiving mail.
PPPPoint to Point ProtocolA protocol which allows TCP/IP connectivity over a serial connection.
RASRemote Access ServiceThe software supplied with Windows NT used to connect two computers using a modem and a phone line.
SCPSecure CopyA means of copying files from one machine to another. Similar to FTP but is more secure as it uses SSH.
SLIPSerial Line Internet ProtocolAn (older) alternative to PPP. Most ISPs do not support SLIP connections.
SMTPSimple Mail Transfer ProtocolThe most common protocol used for sending mail.
SSHSecure ShellSecure way of remotely logging into a machine (usually UNIX/Linux). Similar to telnet, except is encrypted.
SSLSecure Sockets LayerEncryption system mainly used for HTTPS connections.
TATerminal AdapterAn ISDN "modem"
TCP/IPTransmission Control Protocol/Internet ProtocolTCP/IP is the protocol which allows different computers to communicate over the internet.
URLUniform Resource LocatorA method of standardizing the addresses of different Internet Resources.
USRUS RoboticsUS Robotics is a modem manufacturer. It has since been bought by 3COM corporation
uuencode/uudecode
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A method of encoding/decoding binary files so that they can be "attatched" to an e-mail message. Other methods of doing this are MIME and BinHex. MIME is becoming the most popular way of doing this.
V.34
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Modem standard which allows connections of up to 33.6Kbps. Replaced by X2, K56Flex and V90.
V.90
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Modem standard which theoretically allows connections of up to 56Kbps. Designed to supersede/unite the conflicting X2 and K56Flex 56Kbps standards.
X2
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Modem standard which theoretically allows connections of up to 56Kbps. Since superseded by V.90. Not compatible with K56Flex.